Urban retrofitting

Cities convert underused parking lots into housing as zoning reform and housing shortages align.

Cities can retrofit aging storm drains without replacing them entirely.

Coordinated retrofit of insulation, systems, and fuel cuts building energy use in half or more.

Four retrofitting approaches compete to solve 19.8% office vacancy.

Current retrofit pace falls five times short of climate targets.

Simulating retrofit sequences at district scale before committing resources.